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Despite some public
opinion that green flashes are a hoax, a number of authoritative figures
on the subject have spent quite some time studying the phenomena and have
concluded that green flashes do, in fact, exist. Even the National Aeronautics
and Space Administration (NASA) backs the existence of green flashes:
"The truth is the green flash does exist and its cause is well understood"
(see
antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000507.html).
Green flashes are sudden, brief appearances of a bright emerald green
color at sunrise or, more commonly, at sunset. Although there are several
types of green flashes, the one most comonly observed is called an inferior-mirage
flash, which appears for about two seconds before the sun disappears below
the horizon. This is best seen a few meters above sea level and is the
kind of green flash that you may witness during a Mazatlán sunset. Why
the flash occurs is an atmospheric wonder. Sunlight is not a single color,
but a combination of all colors: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo
and violet (ROYGBIV). Our eyes see all these colors at the same time,
so they all blend together. But the atmosphere can seperate the colors
by bending the light from the sun, like a prism bends light to create
a rainbow of colors. When we see the top of the sun disappear below the
horizon, the sun is actually already entirely set, but we're seeing the
light rays bent by the atmostphere. The atmosphere bends the blue light
the most, which means we should actually see a
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blue flash. But since the atmosphere also breaks up and scatters blue light
the most (which is why the sky is blue), we see mostly red and yellow. The
combination produces a brief flash of green light. The biggest argument
against the existence of green flashes is that the green is just an optical
illusion caused by bleached cones in the retina. After watching a prolonged
sunset, your red sensitivity is reduced and so the yellow in a sunset appears
green to your eye. But how then do you explain the green flash at sunrise
or the fact that professional as well as amateur photographers have captured
green flashes on film? The bleached cone may intensify the appearance of
green, but it does not dispell the existence of green flashes. If you are
still a disbeliever, experts recommend looking at the sunset only just before
the sun retires behind the horizon; that way, you won't have a chance to
bleach your cones. For more detailed information on why green flashes occur,
visit Andrew T. Young's website (http://mintaka.sdsu.edu/GF/). Young's research
is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF). Not only does his
website contain explanations of green flashes from a variety of knowledgable
sources, but it also includes photos, simulations, recommended reading and
advice on seeing green flashes. So don't give up on green flashes! They
are still a great excuse to watch Mazatlán sunsets with a few buddies and
a few more beers. |
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